Medieval fantasy dialogue in roleplay

If you’re like me, you’ve probably spent some time playing games with medieval fantasy dialogue. After all, pseudo-historical themes are pretty common in the roleplaying world.

But how do you choose which medieval-sounding words and phrases to use? And should you use speech that’s flowery, formal, or maybe even… GASP! …a little bit more modern?

Fortunately, there are several ways to go about adopting a medieval vibe in your character’s speech without necessarily being an expert in Middle English or even Early Modern English.

For today’s post, I invited fellow roleplayer Amika to share some tips and examples from her guide on archaic English dialogue. You may remember Amika from How to use a character arc roadmap in RP (July 17, 2022). I’m excited to have her back to share more of her roleplaying tips and advice!

But first, let’s take a quick look at some facts and why they (don’t) matter.

What is Medieval English?

Medieval English, or more accurately Middle English, was a form of English used in the Middle Ages, from around 1100 to 1500 AD.

Middle English was spoken in various parts of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. It was preceded by Old English (surprise!) and followed by Early Modern English.

However, the English you hear in medieval-themed movies is not Middle English. That’s because to our modern ears, Middle English would sound almost unintelligible.

I’ll show you what I mean.

A close-up of the text of Beowulf written in Old English. — A passage from the first page of *Beowulf*, an epic poem written in a West Saxon dialect of Old English. *Beowulf* has a long and complex history.

Examples of written dialogue from famous works

For context, here are some examples of writing and speech from different time periods.

(If you use a screen reader, I apologize in advance if any of this sounds garbled – I’m not sure how the non-standard characters are going to translate to speech.)

Old English, AKA Anglo-Saxon (~450-1100)

If you understand this, you’re probably a student of literature or history. Feel free to write the rest of this blog post for me, because you know way more than I do.

Beowulf – “Beowulf maðelode | (on him byrne scan, searonet seowed | smiþes orþancum): ‘Wæs þu, Hroðgar, hal!'”

Middle English (~1100-1500)

The words may seem strange at first, but if you slow down and try sounding them out, they might make some sense to you.

The Canterbury Tales – “Wepyng and waylyng, care and oother sorweI knowe ynogh, on even and a-morwe.”

Early Modern English (~1500-1800)

Classic Shakespeare.

Richard II – “I wasted time, and now doth time waste me.”

Late Modern English (~1800-present)

Famous dialogue from modern works.

Pride and Prejudice – “My good opinion once lost, is lost forever.”
Ghostbusters – “We came, we saw, we kicked its ass!”

As you can see, English was a different beast half a millennia ago. These are all written examples, though. What about audio?

A stained, very old page with writing framed within a decorative painted border. — The title page of Geoffrey Chaucer’s *Canterbury Tales*, a collection of stories written in Middle English.

Examples of Middle English with audio

To hear an example of medieval speech, check out the Wikipedia page for The Canterbury Tales.

Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales (or Tales of Caunterbury) in a dialect of late Middle English, between the years 1387 and 1400. You can listen to a passage being read aloud in what basically amounts to an audio reconstruction of the past.

Pretty cool, right?

Because you have to remember, there’s no one alive today that was speaking English back in the Middle Ages (save for the odd vampire, and they don’t usually like to out themselves).

So it’s all just our best guess on what it sounded like.

Here’s a fun introduction to what we do know:

As Thatguyinlitclass points out in his video, the Middle Ages had many dialects and not much consistency. 😂

In short, the English language has changed a lot in the past 500+ years!

What this means is that today’s post is actually not a guide on how to talk in medieval times (though it might be a guide on how to talk in Medieval Times).

Instead, it’s a list of ideas and suggestions for adding medieval flavor to your dialogue and roleplay.

Tips for medieval fantasy dialogue

“Some of us be well advise-ed to take the pill which chilleths.”

– Lorraine Mangan, How to Talk at a Renaissance Faire (comments section)

So, now that you know you won’t be roleplaying any actual medieval dialogue, you can relax a little bit.

Sure, people can be pretty opinionated about the “right” way to harken back to a fictional medieval past (Tolkein is a beloved example), but remember – you’re not trying to win an Oscar or a Pulitzer, here. The goal of roleplaying is to have fun.

Thus, it’s a chance to find your own style – something that works for you.

Photo of a Ren Faire musician strumming a lute-like instrument. — Roleplaying is about creativity, so don’t get too hung up on what everyone else thinks is “the right way” to sound medieval.

That said, here are a few quick tips to help you get started on your journey:

Consistency is often better (and less confusing) than accuracy.
More is less. You don’t need to cram your dialogue full of medieval jargon in order to capture a medieval flavor.
If you’re going to be roleplaying via text (such as in a multi-user dungeon or chatroom), try not to overdo your choice of accent. Without enough vowels, screen readers won’t be able to make sense of your speech.
If you want your character to sound more formal or educated, use few or no contractions. For example, “I shall do so” instead of “I’ll do so.”
Only use the word “Hark!” after every sentence if you want to be funny.
Be mindful of modern colloquialisms. Some phrases are likely to be more immersion-breaking than others. For example, instead of using “sure” and “okay,” you might try “as you wish” and “very well.”

And now, without further ado, I present Amika’s guide to sounding medieval-y!

A guide to Archaic English for roleplayers

By Amika

Characters speaking in Middle English would make any game confusing and inaccessible, so I put together a list of frequently confused/misused archaic “flavor” terms in case you’d like to add a little color to your dialogue.

I don’t go heavy on this, personally – I slant more towards localization, phrasing things so that they sound as natural to the present-day reader as they would sound natural to a person of that time, in that setting.

But it can still be fun, especially if you play a troubadour, noble, or other character who’s supposed to sound out of the ordinary.

Verbs and Pronouns

Note that most of what’s being referenced here is actually from the more familiar Early Modern English (e.g. Shakespeare) – not Middle English.

Second Person, Thou

“Thou” sounds fancy and middle-age-y so a lot of people are tempted to use them in formal situations, but originally “thou” pronouns were used as intimate informal pronouns.

If you know any French, “thee/thou” is comparable to “tu”, while “ye/you” is comparable to “vous”.

Verbs are typically conjugated with -est endings, with a few exceptions (art, doest, shalt, sayest).

Same for past tense, which sometimes sounds weird to us, but just roll with it (thou wast, didst, hadst, lovedst, saidst).

Imperatives generally drop the -est ending, though (“Run back to thy mother!”).

You/I (subject) = Thou (“Thou shalt”, “Thou wast there”)
You/Me (object) = Thee (“I beseech thee”, “Get thee to a nunnery”)
Your (possessive pronoun) = Thy (“Pick up thy sword and fight me, coward”)
Your (possessive pronoun, used before a vowel) = Thine (“I get lost in thine eyes”)
Yourself (reflexive) = Thyself (“Get thyself away from me”)

“Mine/thine” can be used interchangeably with “my/thy”, sometimes after the noun just to sound a little flowerier (“Hello, brother mine”).

“Thou’lt” is a contraction of “thou shalt” or “thou wilt”, but I will laugh if I hear it in character.

Third Person

Verbs can be conjugated in the third person with -eth if you want to sound a little more poetic (“Thy cup runneth over”, “He doth protest”, “Hell hath no fury”).

Past tense is conjugated in a manner similar to modern English (“He did”, “She was”, “They had”).

For more examples, see this page on archaic verb conjugations.

Object-Verb Inversions

Also for a little extra poetic flair, put the object after the verb when you’re asking a simple question (“What say you, my Lord?”, “What hath she?”, “Hast thou already finished whittling mine bumpaddle?”).

Tip: It’s easier to remember if you do a ‘Poirot’ accent.

Frequently Confused Words

Below are some frequently confused words to watch out for when adopting your own medieval flavor:

Who & Whom

“Who” is a subject, and “whom” is an object. It’s nothing to do with formality. My mnemonic is just to remember the phrase, “Who did what to whom?”

Ought, Aught, Naught

Ought = “You ought”, meaning “You should”
Aught = Anything, the opposite of naught (“Is there aught I can do?”)
Naught = Nothing, the opposite of aught (“It was all for naught.”)

Hither & Yon

Hither = Here
Thither = There
Yonder = At a distance (adverb), the far distance (noun) (“Over yonder”)
Yon = Adjective form of “yonder” (“It’s over by yon corpse ditch.”)

Wherefore

Wherefore = Why or for what reason, not “where”

In Romeo and Juliet, when Juliet asks, “Wherefore art thou Romeo?” it’s part of the “a rose by any other name” monologue – she’s not asking where he is, but why he’s called what he is.

Thanks so much to Amika for letting me share her guide to Middle Age-y flavor terms! And don’t forget to look her up on Twitter, as she might still be offering character art commissions.

Once you’ve settled on your own personal medieval style, why not flaunt it while crashing some medieval parties?

Playing a member of the nobility? Check out my post on luxury fabrics for ideas on how to dress up your character.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the importance of using medieval dialogue in roleplay?

Using medieval dialogue in roleplay adds authenticity and immersion to your character’s interactions in a medieval fantasy setting. It helps create a unique atmosphere and enhances the overall roleplay experience by transporting players into a different time and world.

What’s the difference between Middle English and modernized medieval dialogue?

Middle English, which was spoken in the Middle Ages, is significantly different from the modernized medieval dialogue used in roleplay.

Middle English would sound almost unintelligible to modern ears, so roleplayers often employ a more accessible form of medieval-sounding speech that captures the essence of the era without being linguistically accurate.

How can I create consistent medieval dialogue without overloading it with jargon?

Consistency is key when crafting medieval dialogue. That said, you don’t need to inundate your speech with excessive jargon. Try selecting a few well-chosen phrases and expressions that suit your character and the setting, ensuring they are used consistently throughout your roleplay.

What tips can you provide for roleplayers using text-based platforms?

When roleplaying in text-based platforms like chatrooms or multi-user dungeons, it’s important to avoid overdoing accents, as this can make the text less accessible.

Additionally, if you want your character to sound more formal or educated, use fewer contractions and maintain a more polished speech pattern.

How can I balance fun and authenticity in medieval dialogue?

The primary goal of roleplaying is to have fun, so don’t feel pressured to adhere strictly to historical accuracy. Finding a balance between fun and authenticity that works for you and your fellow roleplayers is key.

Experiment with different speech styles, avoid modern colloquialisms, and remember that humor and creativity are welcome in medieval-themed roleplay.

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